Kev pom kev muaj ntau yam, xws li kev pom tseeb, kev pom xim, kev pom stereoscopic, thiab kev pom duab. Tam sim no, ntau yam iav tsom iav tsis pom kev feem ntau yog siv rau kev kho myopia rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas, uas xav tau kev kho kom raug. Hauv tsab ntawv no, peb yuav qhia luv luv txog kev kho myopia rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas, tsom mus rau qib tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev pom kev zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev kho refractive kom pab peb xaiv qhov tsim nyog.kho qhov muagcov iav tsom iav.
Yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov pom kev zoo tshaj plaws kom paub tseeb tias thaum twg tsim nyog kho qhov pom kev kom txog 1.5 thiab thaum twg tsim nyog kho qhov pom kev qis dua 1.5. Qhov no suav nrog kev nkag siab txog qhov xwm txheej twg xav tau kev kho kom raug thiab qhov xwm txheej twg yuav zam tau qhov kho tsis raug. Yuav tsum tau piav qhia meej txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov pom kev zoo tshaj plaws.
Txhais cov qauv rau cov qauv pom kev tseeb
Feem ntau, thaum tib neeg tham txog kev pom tseeb, lawv hais txog daim ntawv pom kev, uas yog lub peev xwm ntawm lub qhov muag los paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom sab nraud. Hauv kev kho mob, kev pom tseeb feem ntau yog ntsuas siv daim ntawv qhia kev pom tseeb. Yav dhau los, cov ntawv qhia tseem ceeb siv yog daim ntawv qhia kev pom tseeb thoob ntiaj teb lossis daim ntawv qhia kev pom tseeb. Tam sim no, daim ntawv qhia kev pom tseeb ntawm tsab ntawv logarithmic feem ntau siv, thaum qee cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb yuav xav tau daim ntawv qhia kev pom tseeb C-hom. Txawm hais tias hom ntawv siv li cas los xij, kev pom tseeb feem ntau raug kuaj los ntawm 0.1 txog 1.5, nrog rau daim ntawv qhia kev pom tseeb ntawm logarithmic txij li 0.1 txog 2.0.
Thaum lub qhov muag pom tau txog li 1.0, nws suav tias yog qhov pom tseeb ib txwm muaj. Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov neeg pom tau txog li 1.0, muaj ib feem pua me me ntawm cov tib neeg uas pom tau dhau qib no. Muaj cov tib neeg tsawg heev uas pom tau meej txog li 2.0, nrog rau kev tshawb fawb hauv chaw soj nstuam qhia tias qhov pom tseeb zoo tshaj plaws yuav ncav cuag 3.0. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntsuam xyuas hauv tsev kho mob feem ntau suav tias 1.0 yog qhov pom tseeb ib txwm muaj, uas feem ntau hu ua qhov pom kev ib txwm muaj.
1 Kev Ntsuas Qhov Nrug Deb
Daim 'Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart' qhia tias qhov kev kuaj mob deb yog 5 meters.
2 Ib puag ncig kev sim
Daim ntawv qhia txog qhov muag pom kev yuav tsum dai rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj teeb pom kev zoo, thiab nws qhov siab yuav tsum sib npaug kom kab cim '0' ntawm daim ntawv qhia nyob rau tib theem li lub qhov muag ntawm tus neeg xeem. Tus neeg xeem yuav tsum nyob deb li 5 meters ntawm daim ntawv qhia, tig nws lub ntsej muag mus rau qhov chaw uas muaj teeb pom kev zoo kom tsis txhob muaj teeb ci ncaj qha rau hauv lub qhov muag.
3 Txoj Kev Ntsuas
Yuav tsum kuaj txhua lub qhov muag sib cais, pib nrog lub qhov muag xis ua ntej ces mam li kuaj sab laug. Thaum kuaj ib lub qhov muag, yuav tsum npog lub qhov muag tod nrog ib daim ntaub tsis pom kev yam tsis nias. Yog tias tus neeg kuaj tsuas nyeem tau txog kab thib 6 kom meej, ces yuav sau tias yog 4.6 (0.4); yog tias lawv nyeem tau kab thib 7 kom meej, ces yuav sau tias yog 4.7 (0.5), thiab lwm yam.
Yuav tsum sau tseg kab tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov pom kev uas tus neeg xeem tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau (tus neeg xeem qhov pom kev tau lees paub tias mus txog tus nqi ntawd thaum tus lej ntawm cov optotypes uas tau txheeb xyuas raug tshaj ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov optotypes hauv kab sib xws). Tus nqi ntawm kab ntawd raug sau tseg ua qhov pom kev ntawm lub qhov muag ntawd.
Yog tias tus neeg xeem tsis pom tsab ntawv 'E' ntawm kab thawj ntawm daim ntawv nrog ib lub qhov muag, lawv yuav tsum tau mus tom ntej kom txog thaum lawv pom tseeb. Yog tias lawv pom tseeb ntawm 4 meters, lawv qhov pom tseeb yog 0.08; ntawm 3 meters, nws yog 0.06; ntawm 2 meters, nws yog 0.04; ntawm 1 meters, nws yog 0.02. Qhov pom tseeb ntawm ib lub qhov muag ntawm 5.0 (1.0) lossis siab dua suav tias yog qhov pom tseeb ib txwm muaj.
4 Lub Hnub Nyoog ntawm Tus Neeg Xeem
Feem ntau, qhov muag ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev pom kev deb mus rau qhov muag tsis pom kev deb thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau qhov muag tsis pom kev ze. Yog tias muaj kev cia siab zoo li qub, tus menyuam qhov muag pom kev tsis raug yog li ntawm 0.5 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4-5 xyoos, li ntawm 0.6 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 xyoos, li ntawm 0.7 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 7 xyoos, thiab li ntawm 0.8 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus menyuam qhov muag mob sib txawv, thiab kev xam yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kheej.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov pom kev ntawm ib lub qhov muag ntawm 5.0 (1.0) lossis siab dua yog suav tias yog qhov pom kev zoo li qub. Qhov pom kev zoo li qub tsis tas yuav sawv cev rau qhov pom kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus neeg xeem.
Cov Kev Xav Tau Refractive Sib Txawv ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog Sib Txawv
1 Cov Hluas (6-18 xyoo)
Ib tug kws tshaj lij tau hais tias, "Kev kho qhov muag tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau diopter nce siab. Yog li ntawd, cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav tsum tau kho qhov muag kom raug."
Muaj ntau tus kws kho qhov muag uas siv cov tshuaj uas qis dua me ntsis, hu ua undercorrection, thaum kuaj qhov muag rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas uas muaj myopia. Lawv ntseeg tias piv rau cov tshuaj kho qhov muag tag nrho, cov tshuaj kho qhov muag yooj yim dua rau cov niam txiv, vim tias cov niam txiv tsis xav kom lawv cov menyuam hnav tsom iav muaj zog heev, ntshai tias diopter yuav nce sai dua, thiab txhawj tias cov tsom iav yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tas mus li. Cov kws kho qhov muag kuj xav tias kev hnav tsom iav uas tsis zoo yuav ua rau qeeb qeeb ntawm myopia.
Kev kho qhov muag tsis pom kev zoo txhais tau tias yog hnav tsom iav uas tsis muaj daim ntawv yuav tshuaj ntau dua li qub, ua rau pom kev tsis meej dua li qub 1.0 (tab sis tsis ua tiav cov qauv pom kev zoo tshaj plaws). Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas lub zeem muag tsis ruaj khov thiab pom kev meej yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj lawv lub zeem muag kom ruaj khov.
Kev hnav tsom iav uas tsis zoo tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas tsis pom kev zoo xwb tab sis kuj ua rau kev pom kev tsis meej. Thaum saib cov khoom ze, yuav siv lub zog tsawg dua thiab lub zog sib koom ua ke tsawg dua li qub, ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub qhov muag ob lub qhov muag txo qis, ua rau pom kev qaug zog, thiab ua rau myopia qeeb zuj zus.
Cov menyuam yaus tsis yog tsuas yog yuav tsum tau hnav cov tsom iav uas kho kom zoo xwb, tab sis yog tias lawv qhov muag tsis pom kev zoo, lawv yuav tsum tau cob qhia lawv lub qhov muag kom lawv lub qhov muag tsom tau zoo dua kom txo qhov muag qaug zog thiab qeeb qhov mob myopia uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsom tsis zoo. Qhov no pab cov menyuam yaus kom pom kev meej, xis nyob, thiab ruaj khov.
2 Cov Hluas (19-40 xyoo)
Hauv kev xav, cov neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog li no feem ntau muaj teeb meem myopia, tab sis lawv cov teeb meem myopia tsis ruaj khov, thiab lawv cov teeb meem no qeeb zuj zus. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj tej yam nyob ib puag ncig, cov neeg uas siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntev ntev yuav ua rau lawv cov teeb meem myopia hnyav zuj zus. Hauv kev xav, kev siv tshuaj tsawg kawg nkaus kom pom kev zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis kev hloov kho yuav ua tau raws li kev xis nyob ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev xav tau ntawm qhov muag.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Yuav Tsum Nco Ntsoov:
(1) Yog tias pom muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm diopter thaum lub sijhawm kuaj qhov muag, qhov kev nce ntxiv ntawm daim ntawv yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj -1.00D. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov tsos mob tsis xis nyob xws li kev taug kev, kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw hauv av, kiv taub hau, pom kev ze meej, mob qhov muag, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias cov tsos mob no tseem muaj tom qab hnav cov tsom iav li 5 feeb, xav txog kev txo qhov kev siv daim ntawv kom txog thaum nws xis nyob.
(2) Rau cov tib neeg uas muaj tej hauj lwm uas yuav tsum tau ua ntau xws li tsav tsheb lossis saib cov kev nthuav qhia, thiab yog tias tus neeg siv khoom xis nyob nrog kev kho kom raug tag nrho, nws yog ib qho zoo kom siv cov kev kho kom raug. Yog tias muaj kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ze ze, xav txog kev siv cov iav digital.
(3) Yog tias muaj qhov mob myopia loj zuj zus tuaj, yuav tsum ceev faj txog qhov ua rau mob spasm (pseudo-myopia). Thaum kuaj qhov muag, xyuas kom meej tias muaj cov tshuaj tsawg tshaj plaws uas tsim nyog rau kev pom kev zoo tshaj plaws hauv ob lub qhov muag, zam kev kho ntau dhau. Yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog kev pom kev tsis zoo lossis tsis ruaj khov, xav txog kev ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov muag.
3 Cov Neeg Laus (40 xyoo thiab siab dua)
Vim yog lub qhov muag tsis pom kev zoo, cov neeg hnub nyoog no feem ntau muaj teeb meem presbyopia. Ntxiv rau qhov kev tsom mus rau kev pom kev deb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov kev kho qhov muag ze thaum muab tsom iav rau cov neeg hnub nyoog no thiab xav txog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Yuav Tsum Nco Ntsoov:
(1) Yog tias cov tib neeg xav tias lawv daim ntawv yuav tshuaj tam sim no tsis txaus thiab muaj kev xav tau ntau dua rau kev pom kev deb, tom qab lees paub daim ntawv yuav tshuaj rau kev pom kev deb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum kuaj xyuas qhov pom kev ze. Yog tias muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev qaug zog ntawm qhov muag lossis kev pom kev ze poob qis vim muaj peev xwm txo qis, xav txog kev sau ib khub ntawm cov iav multifocal.
(2) Kev hloov pauv qis dua hauv pawg hnub nyoog no. Xyuas kom tseeb tias txhua qhov kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev sau tshuaj rau cov neeg uas muaj qhov muag pom kev ze tsis pub tshaj -1.00D. Yog tias qhov tsis xis nyob tseem muaj tom qab hnav cov tsom iav li 5 feeb, xav txog kev txo qhov kev sau tshuaj kom txog thaum nws xis nyob.
(3) Rau cov tib neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 60 xyoo, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau theem ntawm cataracts. Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pom kev zoo (<0.5), xav tias tus neeg siv khoom yuav muaj cataracts. Kev kuaj xyuas kom meej ntawm tsev kho mob yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob qhov muag.
Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Pom Kev Binocular
Peb paub tias cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev kuaj qhov muag qhia txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub qhov muag thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, uas feem ntau ua kom pom kev meej ntawm qhov deb ntawm kev kuaj. Hauv cov dej num niaj hnub, thaum peb xav pom cov khoom ntawm qhov deb sib txawv, peb xav tau kev hloov kho thiab kev sib sau ua ke-kev sib cais (kev koom tes ntawm kev ua haujlwm pom kev binocular). Txawm tias muaj tib lub zog refractive, cov xwm txheej sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm pom kev binocular xav tau cov txheej txheem kho sib txawv.
Peb tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim dua cov teeb meem pom kev tsis pom kev zoo li qub rau hauv peb pawg:
1 Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub qhov muag - Exophoria
Tej yam tsis zoo sib xws hauv kev ua haujlwm pom kev ntawm ob lub qhov muag yuav suav nrog: kev sib tshuam tsis txaus, kev sib txawv ntau dhau, thiab kev pom tsis meej.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no yog siv kev kho kom zoo thiab ua kom tiav nrog kev cob qhia pom kev kom txhim kho lub peev xwm sib koom ua ke ntawm ob lub qhov muag thiab txo qhov kev qaug zog ntawm qhov muag uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev pom kev tsis zoo ntawm ob lub qhov muag.
2 Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub qhov muag - Esophoria
Tej yam tsis zoo sib xws hauv kev ua haujlwm pom kev ntawm ob lub qhov muag yuav suav nrog: kev sib sau ua ke ntau dhau, kev sib txawv tsis txaus, thiab kev zom zaub mov yooj yim.
Rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog xav txog kev kho tsis raug thaum ua kom pom kev zoo. Yog tias ua haujlwm ze ntau zaus, cov iav digital tuaj yeem siv tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua kom tiav nrog kev cob qhia pom kev kom txhim kho lub peev xwm sib txawv ntawm ob lub qhov muag tuaj yeem pab txo qhov kev qaug zog ntawm qhov muag uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev pom kev tsis zoo ntawm ob lub qhov muag.
3 Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev nyob
Feem ntau suav nrog: Kev pab tsis txaus, kev pab ntau dhau, kev pab tsis zoo.
1 Tsis Muaj Chaw Nyob Txaus
Yog tias nws yog myopia, tsis txhob kho qhov muag ntau dhau, muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xis nyob, thiab xav txog qhov kho tsis txaus raws li qhov xwm txheej hnav sim; yog tias nws yog hyperopia, sim kho qhov hyperopic kom tag nrho li sai tau yam tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov pom tseeb.
2 Kev Nyob Ze Ntau Dhau
Rau myopia, yog tias lub lens spherical qis tshaj plaws uas pom kev zoo tshaj plaws tsis tuaj yeem zam tau, xav txog kev kho tsis raug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg laus uas feem ntau ua haujlwm ze ntev. Yog tias nws yog hyperopia, sim kho kom raug tag nrho yam tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov pom tseeb.
3 Kev Ua Tsis Tau Zoo ntawm Chaw Nyob
Rau myopia, yog tias lub lens spherical qis tshaj plaws uas pom kev zoo tshaj plaws tsis tuaj yeem zam tau, xav txog kev kho tsis txaus. Yog tias nws yog hyperopia, sim kho kom raug yam tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov pom tseeb.
Xaus Lus
WThaum nws los txog rau cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev kho qhov muag, peb yuav tsum xav txog ntau yam tseem ceeb. Thaum suav nrog hnub nyoog, peb kuj yuav tsum xav txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zeem muag binocular. Tau kawg, muaj cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb xws li strabismus, amblyopia, thiab refractive anisometropia uas xav tau kev txiav txim siab sib cais. Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej sib txawv, kev ua tiav qhov muag zoo tshaj plaws ua rau muaj kev cov nyom rau txhua tus kws kho qhov muag. Peb ntseeg tias nrog kev kawm ntxiv, txhua tus kws kho qhov muag tuaj yeem soj ntsuam tag nrho thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv sau tshuaj raug.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-04-2024