Astigmatism yog ib yam kab mob qhov muag uas pom ntau heev, feem ntau yog los ntawm qhov nkhaus ntawm lub qhov muag. Astigmatism feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm noob neej, thiab qee zaum, astigmatism yuav tshwm sim yog tias lub chalazion ntev ntev nias lub qhov muag ntev. Astigmatism, zoo li myopia, tsis tuaj yeem kho tau. Feem ntau, astigmatism siab tshaj 300 degrees hu ua astigmatism siab.
Muaj ntau yam teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog cov tsom iav uas muaj astigmatism siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas. Hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, peb cov kws kho qhov muag feem ntau ntsib cov neeg uas muaj astigmatism siab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum xaiv cov iav thiab cov thav duab uas tsim nyog.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev pom ntawm astigmatism thiab myopia
Lub cornea zoo li tsis sib luag, tsis yog lub voos kheej kheej tab sis yog ellipsoidal. Lub zog refractive hauv qhov kev taw qhia ntsug thiab qhov kev taw qhia kab rov tav yog txawv. Yog li ntawd, tom qab lub teeb sab nraud raug refracted los ntawm cornea, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub ntsiab lus thaum nws nkag mus rau sab hauv ntawm lub qhov muag. Hloov chaw, nws tsim ib txoj kab focal, ua rau lub retina tsis meej, ua rau pom tsis meej. Teeb meem nrog astigmatism, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog astigmatism me me, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev pom, tab sis cov theem siab ntawm astigmatism yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev pom.
Myopia tshwm sim thaum lub teeb sab nraud nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag thiab raug lub qhov muag lub refractive system refracted. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab tsis tuaj yeem poob rau ntawm retina, ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm kev pom tsis meej nyob deb. Muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev thaij duab ntawm myopia thiab astigmatism, thiab lawv kuj sib txawv heev hauv cov txheej txheem pom tseeb. Muaj ntau tus neeg tsis nkag siab txaus txog qhov no, ua rau muaj kev tsis meej pem.
Muaj cov neeg mob me me uas muaj tus kab mob astigmatism yooj yim, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj tus kab mob ze astigmatism lossis tus kab mob deb astigmatism. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntsuas qhov muag, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum muab cov lus qhia kho raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv duab ntawm astigmatism thiab myopia.
Kev txhais thiab kev tshwm sim ntawm astigmatism siab
Qhov hnyav ntawm astigmatism raug faib raws li qib. Astigmatism hauv qab 150 degrees yog astigmatism me me, astigmatism ntawm 150 thiab 300 degrees yog astigmatism nruab nrab, thiab astigmatism saum 300 degrees yog astigmatism siab. astigmatism siab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam kev puas tsuaj rau peb lub qhov muag:
1. Ua rau mob taub hau, mob qhov muag, thiab lwm yam: Qhov muag tsis pom kev zoo siab yam tsis kho qhov muag yuav ua rau mob taub hau, mob qhov muag, thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub cev tsis zoo xws li koj tsa koj lub taub hau. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg uas muaj qhov muag tsis pom kev zoo heev yuav tsum tau kho qhov muag.
2. Kev qaug zog ntawm qhov muag: Vim yog lub zog sib txawv ntawm txhua lub meridian, astigmatism tsis tuaj yeem tsim qhov tsom mus rau thaum lub teeb sib luag refracting, tab sis ob txoj kab focal, yog li lub hlwb feem ntau yuav xaiv cov khoom. Yuav kom pom qhov scenery meej meej, astigmatism yuav tsum tau kho kom ntau li ntau tau kom txo qhov loj ntawm lub voj voog ntawm diffusion kom txhim kho cov duab zoo. astigmatism siab, yog tias tsis kho kom raug lossis tsis muaj tsom iav, tuaj yeem ua rau mob taub hau, qaug zog ntawm qhov muag thiab lwm yam tsos mob, ua rau nws yooj yim dua los tsim kev qaug zog ntawm qhov muag.
3. Pom tsis meej ntawm cov khoom ze thiab deb: Cov neeg uas muaj astigmatism hnyav heev pom tsis meej ntawm cov khoom deb thiab ze. Cov neeg mob feem ntau muaj tus cwj pwm kaw lawv lub qhov muag ib nrab thiab ntsia mus rau hauv qhov sib txawv kom pom cov khoom kom meej.
4. Kev Poob Qhov Muag: Hauv cov qhov muag astigmatic, lub hom phiaj pom kev hauv qhov kev taw qhia deb ntawm kab focal ntawm retina yuav dhau los ua xim sib dua, cov npoo yuav tsis meej, thiab nws yuav nyuaj rau txheeb xyuas. Kev pom kev yuav txo qis, thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, pom ob npaug yuav tshwm sim. Ntxiv nrog rau physiological astigmatism, txhua yam astigmatism tuaj yeem ua rau pom kev poob yooj yim.
5. Kev nias rau ntawm lub qhov muag: Feem ntau, astigmatism raug kho nrog cov tsom iav lossis cov iav sib cuag. Yog tias kev raug mob thiab chalazions ntawm lub qhov muag tsis raug kho raws sijhawm, lawv yuav nias lub qhov muag ntev thiab ua rau astigmatism. Qee zaum, astigmatism kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua ke nrog pseudomyopia. Nco ntsoov tias qhov pseudomyopia yuav tsum tau tshem tawm, thiab astigmatism tuaj yeem kho tau nrog tsom iav.
6. Amblyopia: Tus kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg uas muaj astigmatism siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hyperopic astigmatism. Vim tias nws nyuaj rau pom deb thiab ze kom meej, thiab tsis pom kev zoo, amblyopia feem ntau tshwm sim, thiab tom qab ntawd strabismus feem ntau tshwm sim.
Cov tsom iav astigmatic heev
Cov iav tsom iav uas muaj astigmatism siab heev yog qhov nyuaj ua vim lawv lub zog tob. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov iav tsom iav uas muaj astigmatism siab tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov iav tsom iav uas muaj cov ntsuas refractive index siab thiab cov qauv tsim aspherical, yog li lawv yuav tsis zoo li tuab dhau. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov iav tsom iav uas muaj astigmatism siab feem ntau yog cov koob ntawm cov iav tsom iav uas tau hloov kho. Qhov siab dua ntawm astigmatism, qhov nyuaj dua rau kev hloov kho, thiab cov kev teeb tsa nyuaj dua yuav tsum tau tsim. Rau qhov siab heev astigmatism, cov kev teeb tsa thav duab kuj tseem yuav tsum tau muab los pab nrog kev tsim iav tsom iav.
Thaum xaiv cov thav duab, koj kuj yuav tsum xav txog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm ultra-high astigmatism. Vim tias qhov tuab ntawm ntug ntawm astigmatism lens sib txawv heev, koj yuav tsum ceev faj tshwj xeeb thaum xaiv cov thav duab. Xaiv cov thav duab titanium ntshiab lossis titanium alloy nrog cov kab uas hla me me thiab cov khoom siv ruaj khov. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov acetate fiber lossis phaj thav duab nrog qhov shrinkage zoo. tos.
Tsis zoo rau xaiv cov thav duab tsis muaj thav duab lossis ib nrab thav duab. Zoo dua yog xaiv cov thav duab puv ntoob. Thaum ua thiab tsim khoom, xyuam xim rau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub lens uas hloov pauv qhov astigmatism axis ntawm lub lens vim yog cov thev naus laus zis tsis zoo thiab cov khoom siv ruaj khov.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov thav duab astigmatic heev:
A. Muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv uas tsis hnyav
Qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv thav duab yog ib qho ntawm cov yam uas cuam tshuam rau qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsom iav. Rau cov neeg uas muaj myopia siab, thaum xaiv thav duab, koj tuaj yeem them sai sai rau cov khoom siv xws li titanium ntshiab, tungsten carbon, daim ntawv nyias nyias, thiab TR90. Cov thav duab ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no feem ntau sib dua thiab yooj yim dua rau hnav. Xis nyob heev, ruaj khov thiab tsis yooj yim deformed.
B. Ncej Tag Nrho> Ib Nrab Ncej> Ncej Tsis Muaj Ncej
Feem ntau cov tsom iav uas muaj astigmatism siab yuav muaj cov iav tuab dua, thiab cov thav iav uas tsis muaj rim thiab semi-rimless yuav ua rau pom cov tsom iav, uas tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau qhov tsos xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau cov thav iav yooj yim deform, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov deb ntawm cov tsom iav thiab qhov astigmatism axis ntawm cov tsom iav, cuam tshuam rau qhov kho kom raug. Cov neeg uas muaj astigmatism siab zoo dua yog xaiv cov thav iav puv ntoob.
C. Lub thav duab loj tsis yog qhov kev xaiv zoo
Cov neeg uas hnav tsom iav loj ntev ntev yuav pom kev tsis meej thiab pom kev nqaim. Hnav tsom iav ntev ntev yuav ua rau kiv taub hau thiab kiv taub hau. Cov tsom iav loj feem ntau hnyav thiab tsis haum rau cov neeg uas muaj myopia siab. Hnav tsom iav ntev ntev yuav ua rau lub qhov ntswg hnyav, uas yuav ua rau lub qhov ntswg puas tsuaj yooj yim dhau sijhawm.
Muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov muag thiab tsom iav, xws li diopter thiab qhov deb ntawm qhov muag. Thaum hnav tsom iav loj, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau seb qhov deb uas sib raug rau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm ob lub lens sib raug rau qhov deb ntawm qhov muag ntawm koj lub qhov muag. Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv, txawm tias qhov kev sau ntawv ntawm tsom iav yog qhov tseeb, koj yuav tsis xis nyob tom qab hnav tsom iav. Sim xaiv lub thav duab uas muaj qhov dav iav me dua, thiab sim ua kom qhov siab siab thiab qis dua me dua, kom qhov kev nplij siab yuav tsis raug txo vim yog qhov deformation ntawm sab nraud.
D. Xaiv ib lub thav duab uas muaj qhov deb ze ntawm cov tsom iav.
Qhov nrug ntawm lub qhov muag thiab lub qhov muag yog qhov nrug ntawm lub lens tom qab thiab lub cornea pem hauv ntej. Cov iav kho qhov muag astigmatism yog cov iav cylindrical. Yog tias qhov nrug ntawm lub qhov muag thiab lub qhov muag nce ntxiv, lub zog refractive zoo yuav txo qis (qhov siab dua, qhov txo qis ntau dua), thiab qhov pom kev kho kuj yuav txo qis. Qhov nrug ntawm cov tsom iav ntawm cov tsom iav astigmatic heev yuav tsum me me li sai tau. Hais txog kev xaiv cov qauv thav duab thiab kev kho thav duab, koj yuav tsum sim xaiv cov ntaub qhwv qhov ntswg lossis cov iav uas muaj qhov deb ze ntawm cov tsom iav.
E. Tsis txhob xaiv cov thav duab uas muaj cov ceg uas nyias dhau
Yog tias cov ceg ntawm lub qhov muag nyias dhau, lub zog ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm lub thav duab yuav tsis sib npaug, ua rau nws yooj yim rau lub thav duab kom hnyav rau sab saud thiab muab feem ntau ntawm qhov hnyav rau ntawm tus choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg, ua rau cov tsom iav swb yooj yim thiab cuam tshuam rau kev xis nyob hnav. Yog tias koj muaj astigmatism (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj astigmatism nruab nrab mus rau siab), thaum xaiv cov tsom iav, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov thav duab uas haum rau qhov deb ntawm cov menyuam qhov muag.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm astigmatism axis txoj haujlwm rau cov tsom iav
Qhov ntau ntawm astigmatism axis yog 1-180 degrees. Kuv yuav tsom mus rau kev xaiv cov thav duab rau 180 thiab 90 astigmatism axes.
Ua ntej peb yuav tsum paub tias lub axis astigmatism yog nyob ntawm 180°, ces qhov tuab yog nyob ntawm 90° (kev taw qhia ntsug). Yog li ntawd, qhov siab ntawm lub thav duab uas peb xaiv yuav tsum tsis txhob siab. Yog tias peb xaiv lub thav duab uas muaj lub thav duab qis, qhov tuab ntawm kev taw qhia ntsug yuav raug hnav mus, thiab cov iav uas tshwm sim yuav sib dua thiab nyias dua. (Yog tias lub thav duab siab, nws yuav puag ncig; yog tias lub thav duab qis, nws yuav yog plaub fab.)
Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog tias qhov chaw axis yog 90, qhov tuab yuav yog 180 (kab rov tav). Feem ntau peb qhov tuab tshaj plaws yog nyob rau sab nraud, thiab qhov tuab ntawm astigmatism ntxiv rau sab nraud, yog li qhov tuab yog exaggerated. Yog li ntawd, lub thav duab yuav tsum me dua thiab nyias dua, uas yog, qhov ze dua qhov sib npaug ntawm lub lens dav + qhov dav ntawm lub qhov muag nruab nrab yog rau koj qhov deb ntawm interpupillary, qhov nyias dua nws yuav yog. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv lub lens index siab dua kom ua rau qhov tuab tsawg dua pom.
Thaum hnav tsom iav, "kev xis nyob" thiab "kev pom tseeb" feem ntau yog qhov tsis sib xws thiab nyuaj rau sib haum xeeb. Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no pom tseeb dua rau cov tsom iav uas muaj astigmatism. Kev pom tseeb yuav tsum tau hloov kho, tab sis kev xis nyob tsis tas txhais tau tias pom tseeb. Piv txwv li, tsis hnav tsom iav yog qhov xis nyob tshaj plaws, tab sis nws yeej tsis pom tseeb.
Cov tsom iav uas muaj astigmatism siab yuav rhiab heev dua thiab xav tau kev txiav txim siab zoo dua hauv kev ntsuas qhov muag thiab kev sau tshuaj. Thaum ntsib teeb meem astigmatism siab, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov sib phim ntawm lub thav duab / lub lens nrog qib astigmatism thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub axis kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev tsis xis nyob vim muaj teeb meem khoom.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-17-2023