Raws li daim ntawv tshawb fawb los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob myopia hauv Suav teb tau txog li 600 lab tus hauv xyoo 2018, thiab tus nqi myopia ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tau qeb duas thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb. Suav teb tau dhau los ua lub tebchaws loj tshaj plaws uas muaj myopia. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv suav pej xeem xyoo 2021, tus nqi myopia suav txog li ib nrab ntawm cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws. Nrog rau cov neeg myopia coob heev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev tshaj tawm kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntsig txog myopia.
Lub mechanism ntawm myopia
Txog tam sim no, tseem tsis tau paub meej tias yog vim li cas tus kab mob myopia thiaj tshwm sim.
Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam nrog myopia
Raws li kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob thiab kev kho qhov muag, qhov tshwm sim ntawm myopia yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam xws li noob caj noob ces thiab ib puag ncig, thiab tej zaum yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov hauv qab no.
1. Myopia muaj qee yam kev hloov pauv caj ces. Raws li kev tshawb fawb txog cov yam ntxwv caj ces ntawm myopia dhau los ua qhov tob dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pathological myopia muaj keeb kwm tsev neeg, tam sim no nws tau lees paub tias pathological myopia yog ib qho kab mob caj ces ib leeg, thiab feem ntau yog autosomal recessive inheritance. . Simple myopia tam sim no tau txais los ntawm ntau yam, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv tau txais ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
2. Hais txog tej yam ib puag ncig, tej yam xws li nyeem ntawv ze ntev, teeb pom kev tsis txaus, nyeem ntawv ntev dhau, sau ntawv tsis meej lossis me dhau, zaum tsis zoo, tsis muaj zaub mov noj txaus, txo qis kev ua ub ua no sab nraum zoov, thiab kev kawm ntawv ntau ntxiv tej zaum yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm myopia.
Kev sib txawv ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm myopia
Muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawm ntawm myopia, vim tias qhov ua rau pib, qhov ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm refractive, qib ntawm myopia, lub sijhawm ntawm myopia, kev ruaj khov, thiab seb puas muaj kev hloov kho tuaj yeem siv ua cov qauv faib tawm.
1. Raws li qib ntawm myopia:
Qhov muag tsis pom kev zoo:tsawg dua 300 degrees (≤-3.00 D).
Myopia nruab nrab:300 degrees txog 600 degrees (-3.00 D ~ -6.00 D).
Myopia:ntau dua 600 degrees (>-6.00 D) (tseem hu ua pathological myopia)
2. Raws li cov qauv refractive (ua rau ncaj qha):
(1) Qhov muag tsis pom kev zoo,uas yog myopia tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce ntxiv ntawm lub zog refractive ntawm lub qhov muag vim yog cov khoom sib xyaw refractive tsis zoo ntawm lub qhov muag lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke tsis zoo thaum lub axial ntev ntawm lub qhov muag yog qhov ib txwm muaj. Hom myopia no tuaj yeem yog ib ntus lossis mus tas li.
Refractive myopia muaj peev xwm muab faib ua curvature myopia thiab refractive index myopia. Thawj qhov yog feem ntau yog vim muaj qhov nkhaus ntawm lub cornea lossis lens, xws li cov neeg mob uas muaj keratoconus, spherical lens lossis me me lens; qhov thib ob yog vim muaj qhov refractive index ntawm aqueous humor thiab lens ntau dhau, xws li primary cataracts, iris-ciliary body o.
(2) Axial myopia:Nws muab faib ua ob hom: non-plastic axial myopia thiab plastic axial myopia. Non-plastic axial myopia txhais tau tias lub zog refractive ntawm lub qhov muag yog qhov ib txwm muaj, tab sis qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov muag pem hauv ntej thiab tom qab axis tshaj qhov ib txwm muaj. Txhua 1 hli nce hauv lub qhov muag axis yog sib npaug rau qhov nce ntawm 300 degrees ntawm myopia. Feem ntau, diopter ntawm axial myopia tsawg dua 600 degrees ntawm myopia. Tom qab diopter ntawm ib nrab axial myopia nce mus txog 600 degrees, qhov ntev axial ntawm lub qhov muag txuas ntxiv nce. Myopia diopter tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 1000 degrees, thiab qee zaum txawm tias ncav cuag 2000 degrees. Hom myopia no hu ua progressive high myopia lossis deformed myopia.
Ob lub qhov muag muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv xws li myopia siab, thiab qhov pom kev tsis tuaj yeem kho tau zoo. Hom myopia no muaj keeb kwm tsev neeg thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog caj ces. Tseem muaj kev cia siab rau kev tswj hwm thiab rov zoo thaum yau, tab sis tsis yog thaum laus.
Cov kab mob plastic axial myopia tseem hu ua plastic true myopia. Cov laj thawj, xws li tsis muaj cov vitamins thiab cov kab kawm thaum lub sijhawm loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob tuaj yeem ua rau myopia, nrog rau myopia los ntawm ophthalmia lossis kab mob lub cev. Nws tseem muab faib ua plastic temporary pseudomyopia, plastic intermediate myopia thiab plastic axial myopia.
(a) Kev tsim cov khoom siv yas uas muaj cov khoom siv yas uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog ib ntus:Hom myopia no siv sijhawm luv dua los tsim dua li cov yas pseudomyopia ib ntus. Hom myopia no, zoo li cov accommodative temporary pseudomyopia, tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau qhov pom kev zoo li qub hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Ntau hom myopia xav tau ntau txoj kev rov zoo. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov yas pseudomyopia ib ntus: thaum cov yam ntxwv raug kho, qhov muag pom kev zoo dua; thaum cov yam ntxwv tshiab tshwm sim, myopia txuas ntxiv mus tob dua. Feem ntau, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm plasticity xws li 25 txog 300 degrees.
(b) Yas nruab nrab myopia:Qhov pom kev tsis zoo dua tom qab kho cov yam ntxwv, thiab tsis muaj qhov muag tsis pom kev zoo uas nthuav dav qhov pom kev.
(c) Yas axial myopia:Thaum cov yas pseudomyopia hauv hom axial myopia hloov mus ua yas tiag tiag myopia, nws nyuaj dua los kho qhov muag. Kev cob qhia rov qab Myopia 1 + 1 siv, thiab qhov ceev rov qab qeeb heev. Nws xav tau Lub sijhawm kuj ntev heev.
(3) Kev pom tsis meej:thawj ob hom myopia sib koom ua ke
3. Kev faib tawm raws li kev nce qib ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kab mob
(1) Qhov muag tsis pom kev yooj yim:Kuj hu ua juvenile myopia, nws yog ib hom myopia uas pom ntau. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces tseem tsis tau meej. Nws feem ntau yog cuam tshuam nrog lub zog pom kev thaum lub hnub nyoog hluas thiab kev loj hlob. Nrog rau hnub nyoog thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev, thaum muaj hnub nyoog, yuav zoo li ruaj khov. Qib ntawm myopia feem ntau qis lossis nruab nrab, myopia nce qeeb qeeb, thiab qhov pom kev zoo.
(3) Kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov muag tsis pom kev:Kuj hu ua progressive myopia, feem ntau nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces. Myopia txuas ntxiv mus tob zuj zus, loj hlob sai thaum hluas, thiab lub qhov muag tseem loj hlob txawm tias tom qab hnub nyoog 20 xyoo. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov muag raug cuam tshuam loj heev, pom los ntawm qhov deb thiab pom ze qis dua li qub, thiab qhov pom tsis zoo thiab qhov sib piv tsis zoo. Nrog rau cov teeb meem xws li retinal degeneration hauv posterior pole ntawm lub qhov muag, myopic arc spots, macular hemorrhage, thiab posterior scleral staphyloma, tus kab mob maj mam tob zuj zus thiab loj hlob; qhov cuam tshuam kho qhov muag tsis zoo rau theem kawg.
4. Kev faib tawm raws li seb puas muaj kev hloov kho lub zog koom nrog.
(1) Pseudomyopia:Kuj tseem hu ua accommodative myopia, nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ze ntev, kev saib ntau ntxiv, tsis muaj peev xwm so, kev ntxhov siab lossis kev txav mus los. Myopia tuaj yeem ploj mus los ntawm kev siv tshuaj los ua kom cov menyuam qhov muag loj. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntseeg tias hom myopia no yog theem pib ntawm kev tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm myopia.
(2) Qhov muag tsis pom kev tiag tiag:Tom qab siv cov tshuaj cycloplegic thiab lwm yam tshuaj, qhov degree ntawm myopia tsis txo qis lossis qhov degree ntawm myopia txo qis dua 0.50D.
(3) Kev pom kev tsis meej sib xyaw:hais txog diopter ntawm myopia uas tau txo qis tom qab siv cov tshuaj cycloplegic thiab lwm yam kev kho mob, tab sis lub xeev emmetropic tseem tsis tau rov qab los.
Qhov tseeb lossis cuav myopia yog txhais raws li seb puas muaj kev hloov kho. Lub qhov muag tuaj yeem zoom ntawm lawv tus kheej los ntawm cov khoom deb mus rau cov khoom ze, thiab lub peev xwm zoom no nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov kho ntawm lub qhov muag. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub qhov muag tau muab faib ua: accommodative temporary pseudomyopia thiab accommodative true myopia.
Kev kho mob pseudomyopia ib ntus uas pab tau, qhov muag yuav pom kev zoo dua tom qab muaj mydriasis, thiab qhov muag yuav pom kev zoo dua tom qab ob lub qhov muag so ib ntus. Hauv cov neeg mob myopia nruab nrab uas pab tau, qhov muag pom kev tom qab qhib tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag 5.0, qhov muag axis zoo li qub, thiab qhov muag ntawm lub pob muag tsis nthuav dav. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev nce qib myopia kom raug thiaj li ua tau qhov muag pom kev zoo li 5.0.
Kev kho qhov muag tsis pom kev zoo tiag tiag. Nws yog hais txog qhov tsis kho tau qhov muag tsis pom kev zoo raws sijhawm. Qhov xwm txheej no kav ntev heev, thiab lub qhov muag tau ntev dua kom haum rau qhov chaw pom kev ze no.
Tom qab qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov muag ntev dua, cov leeg nqaij ciliary ntawm lub qhov muag tau so thiab qhov convexity ntawm lub lens rov qab mus rau qhov qub. Myopia tau ua tiav ib qho txheej txheem tshiab. Txhua qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov muag tau ntev dua 1 hli. Myopia tob dua 300 degrees. Accommodative true myopia tau tsim. Hom myopia tiag tiag no yeej txawv ntawm axial true myopia. Hom myopia tiag tiag no kuj muaj peev xwm rov qab pom kev.
Ntxiv rau kev faib tawm myopia
Peb yuav tsum paub ntawm no tias pseudomyopia tsis yog kev kho mob "myopia" vim tias "myopia" no tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv leej twg, nyob rau hauv txhua lub xeev refractive, thiab txhua lub sijhawm, thiab lub qhov muag yuav nkees. Lub myopia uas ploj mus tom qab cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau nthuav dav yog pseudomyopia, thiab myopia uas tseem muaj yog myopia tiag tiag.
Axial myopia raug faib ua pawg raws li qhov ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov refractive media hauv lub qhov muag.
Yog tias lub qhov muag muaj emmetropic, ntau yam refractive media hauv lub qhov muag tsuas yog refract lub teeb rau ntawm retina. Rau cov neeg uas muaj emmetropic, tag nrho lub zog refractive ntawm ntau yam refractive media hauv lub qhov muag thiab qhov deb (qhov muag axis) ntawm lub cornea ntawm pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov muag mus rau retina ntawm tom qab yog sib phim zoo meej.
Yog tias lub zog refractive tag nrho loj dhau lossis qhov deb ntev dhau, lub teeb yuav poob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm retina thaum saib deb, uas yog myopia. Myopia ua los ntawm lub zog refractive siab yog refractive myopia (ua los ntawm corneal abnormalities, lens abnormalities, cataracts, ntshav qab zib, thiab lwm yam), thiab axial myopia ua los ntawm elongation ntawm axial ntev ntawm lub qhov muag dhau lub xeev emmetropic (hom myopia uas feem ntau cov neeg muaj)).
Feem ntau cov neeg muaj tus kab mob myopia sib txawv lub sijhawm. Ib txhia yug los muaj tus kab mob myopia, ib txhia muaj tus kab mob myopia thaum lawv tseem hluas, thiab ib txhia muaj tus kab mob myopia thaum lawv laus. Raws li lub sijhawm ntawm tus kab mob myopia, nws muaj peev xwm muab faib ua tus kab mob myopia txij thaum yug los (myopia yug los), tus kab mob myopia thaum ntxov (qis dua 14 xyoos), tus kab mob myopia lig (16 txog 18 xyoos), thiab tus kab mob myopia lig (tom qab lawv laus).
Kuj tseem muaj qhov teeb meem seb lub diopter puas yuav hloov tom qab myopia loj hlob tuaj. Yog tias lub diopter tsis hloov ntau tshaj ob xyoos, nws ruaj khov. Yog tias lub diopter nyob ntev hauv ob xyoos, nws nce zuj zus.
Kev piav qhia luv luv ntawm kev faib tawm myopia
Hauv kev kho mob qhov muag thiab kev kho qhov muag, muaj ntau lwm yam kev faib tawm ntawm myopia, uas peb yuav tsis qhia vim yog kev txawj ntse ntawm lub tshuab microscopic. Muaj ntau yam kev faib tawm ntawm myopia, uas tsis sib txawv. Lawv tsuas yog qhia txog qhov nyuaj thiab tsis paub meej ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm myopia tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob. Peb yuav tsum piav qhia thiab sib txawv cov pawg ntawm myopia los ntawm ntau yam.
Qhov teeb meem myopia ntawm txhua tus neeg uas muaj myopia yuav tsum yog ib ceg ntawm pawg myopia sib xws. Nws yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb uas yuav tham txog kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj myopia txawm tias myopia faib li cas los xij.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-24-2023